By SARA SJOLIN LONDON—European stock markets rose for a second straight day on Friday after upbeat data from China fueled optimism about that country’s economy. The Stoxx Europe 600 index added 0.6% to close at 305.92, building on a 0.5% gain from Thursday. The benchmark index ended the week up 0.6%. Markets mostly tracked gains in Asia, where Hong Kong stocks climbed after data showed July consumer prices in China rose 2.7%. The number matched the rate in June, but was slightly weaker than expectations. Additionally, Chinese industrial…